Introduction: Ophthalmic vascular occlusion due to hyaluronic acid (OVOH) is a rare but devastating complication of cosmetic filler injections, often resulting in severe vision loss.
Materials: The methodology involved a systematic search across PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, and Cochrane to investigate factors influencing central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) caused by fillers. Searches focused on "eye vascular anatomy," "ocular physiology in response to ischemia," "components AND hyaluronic acid AND inflammation," "recovery from blindness associated with fillers," "retrobulbar technique," and "hyaluronidase degradation AND fillers.
Introduction: The rising incidence of filler-induced vascular complications in the context of aesthetic procedures necessitates a thorough assessment of therapeutic options. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a potential intervention for filler-induced vascular occlusion (FIVO), although optimal dosing and timing remain undefined.
Methods: This review explores the pathophysiology of FIVO and elucidates HBOT's multifaceted role in salvaging ischemic tissue.
Background: For people with HIV and CD4 counts >500 cells/mm, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces serious AIDS and serious non-AIDS (SNA) risk compared with deferral of treatment until CD4 counts are <350 cells/mm. Whether excess risk of AIDS and SNA persists once ART is initiated for those who defer treatment is uncertain.
Methods: The Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial, as previously reported, randomly assigned 4684 ART-naive HIV-positive adults with CD4 counts .