Persistent retroviral infection with MoMuLV influences neuropathological signature and phenotype of prion disease.

A fundamental step in pathophysiology of prion diseases is the conversion of the host encoded prion protein (PrP(C)) into a misfolded isoform (PrP(Sc)) that accumulates mainly in neuronal but also non-neuronal tissues. Prion diseases are transmissible within and between species. In a subset of prion diseases, peripheral prion uptake and subsequent transport to the central nervous system are key to disease initiation.

Changes in fecal flora and comparative multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten, cefpodoxime proxetil and amoxycillin/clavulanate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in fecal flora and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics with the oral antibiotics ceftibuten 400 mg daily and cefpodoxime proxetil (CPX) 200 mg every 12 h, compared to amoxycillin/clavulanate 500/125 mg every 8 h during and following 1 week of medication. METHODS: In an open randomized triple crossover design, 18 (nine female, nine male) healthy volunteers received each drug for 7 days, followed by a 'washout' period of 4 weeks. Serum and urine levels of the substances were determined by bioassay, and for ceftibuten isomers by high-pressure liquid chromatography.