A genetically small fetus impairs placental adaptations near term.

The placenta is a gatekeeper between the mother and fetus, adapting its structure and functions to support optimal fetal growth. Studies exploring adaptations of placentae that support the development of genetically small fetuses are lacking. Here, using a mouse model of impaired fetal growth, achieved by deleting insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) in the epiblast, we assessed placental nutrient transfer and umbilical artery (UA) blood flow during late gestation.

Maternal gut Bifidobacterium breve modifies fetal brain metabolism in germ-free mice.

Background: Recent advances have significantly expanded our understanding of the gut microbiome's influence on host physiology and metabolism. However, the specific role of certain microorganisms in gestational health and fetal development remains underexplored.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 on fetal brain metabolism when colonized in the maternal gut during pregnancy.

Obesogenic diet in pregnancy disrupts placental iron handling and ferroptosis and stress signalling in association with fetal growth alterations.

Obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) impact fetal growth during pregnancy. Iron is an essential micronutrient needed for energy-intense feto-placental development, but if mis-handled can lead to oxidative stress and ferroptosis (iron-dependent cell death). In a mouse model showing maternal obesity and glucose intolerance, we investigated the association of materno-fetal iron handling and placental ferroptosis, oxidative damage and stress signalling activation with fetal growth.

Histological Analysis of Trophoblast Cells in the Mouse Placental Labyrinth Zone.

The mouse is a common animal species used for translational studies. In reproductive studies, this animal is typically preferred over other models as the rodent placenta shows similarities to the human but has a relatively short gestational period. In mice, the transport of oxygen and nutrients between mother and fetus occurs in a restricted area of the placenta called the labyrinth zone.

Fetal manipulation of maternal metabolism is a critical function of the imprinted Igf2 gene.

Maternal-offspring interactions in mammals involve both cooperation and conflict. The fetus has evolved ways to manipulate maternal physiology to enhance placental nutrient transfer, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The imprinted Igf2 gene is highly expressed in murine placental endocrine cells.