Closing the Trauma and Critical Care Gap: A Paradigm Shift through Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality.

A nationwide surgeon shortage, particularly with general surgeons and trauma surgeons, continues to plague the civilian and military systems readiness. To fill this shortcoming, we provide a narrative review describing current and potential uses of augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR) for synthetic training environments which could significantly improve the Army's wartime medical readiness through improved skills of surgeons and non-surgeon providers. Multiple studies demonstrate the potential benefits of AR/VR in cost, time, and critical medical skills for enhanced care delivery.

Unit Collective Medical Training in the 75th Ranger Regiment.

The 75th Ranger Regiment's success with eliminating preventable death on the battlefield is innate to the execution of a continuous operational readiness training cycle that integrates individual and unit collective medical training. This is a tactical solution to a tactical problem that is solved by the entire unit, not just by medics. When a casualty occurs, the unit must immediately respond as a team to extract, treat, and evacuate the casualty while simultaneously completing the tactical mission.

Creativity as a distinct trainable mental state: An EEG study of musical improvisation.

Alpha-band EEG was used to index how creative mental states relate to the creation of artistic works in skilled musicians. We contrasted differences in frontal upper alpha-band activity between tasks with high and low creativity demands by recording EEGs while skilled musicians listened to, played back, and improvised jazz melodies. Neural responses were compared for skilled musicians with training in musical improvisation versus those who had no formal improvisation training.

Thermodynamics of mixed anionic/nonionic surfactant adsorption on alumina.

The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and a polyethoxylated nonylphenol, and well defined mixtures thereof, was measured on gamma-alumina. A pseudo-phase separation model to describe mixed anionic/nonionic admicelle (adsorbed surfactant aggregate) formation was developed, analogous to the pseudo-phase separation model frequently used to describe mixed micelle formation. In this model, regular solution theory was used to describe the anionic/nonionic surfactant interactions in the mixed admicelle and a patch-wise adsorption model was used to describe surfactant adsorption on a heterogeneous solid surface.