A model for lymphocyte activation in open versus laparoscopic surgery in colorectal cancer patients in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols.

Purpose: Given the high mortality and morbidity associated with colon cancer worldwide and the advantages inherent to the use of the laparoscopy technique with respect to open surgery in oncological colorectal surgery, a study was designed to observe and compare the lymphocyte activation model between open surgery (OS) and laparoscopic surgery (LS) for this type of patient as part of an ERAS protocol.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 38 patients who underwent surgery due to colorectal disease and were included in an ERAS protocol. The patients were divided into two groups: G1 (patients who had undergone OS; n = 19) and G2 (patients who had undergone LS; n = 19).

Regional anesthesia of the eye, orbit, and periocular skin.

Advances in ophthalmic surgery, together with achieving greater patient safety, have changed the requirements of regional anaesthesia of the eye, orbit, and periocular skin. Patient comfort, safety, and low complication rates are essentials of regional anesthesia, which includes invasive procedures that generate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, as well as akinesia. We present the currently used local anesthesia (topical and subcutaneous infiltration of local anesthetics) and regional anesthetic techniques in ophthalmic procedures, describing the techniques, advantages, disadvantages, and complications in ophthalmic regional blocks, as well as some educational measures to implement them to reduce the risk of ocular complications.

Las Alpujarras region (South East Spain) HLA genes study: evidence of a probable success of 17th century repopulation from North Spain.

Conquest of Granada Muslim Kingdom (1492 AD) finished with Muslim occupation; they were mostly North African Berbers who had reached Iberia by 711 AD. A politics of Iberian Christianization followed after this date: Jewish were expelled in 1492 and Moriscos (Spaniards practicing Muslim religion or speaking Arab) were expelled from all Spanish territory on 1609 AD. Las Alpujarras is a southern Spain mountainous secluded region, which underwent a repopulation from North Spain and a specific Muslim (Moriscos)-Christian war took place according to historical records.

HLA genes in Mexican Mazatecans, the peopling of the Americas and the uniqueness of Amerindians.

The HLA allele frequency distribution of the Mexican Mazatecan Indians (Olmec culture) has been studied and compared with those of other First American Natives and worldwide populations (a total of 12,100 chromosomes; 6,050 individuals from 59 different populations). The main conclusions are: 1) An indirect evidence of Olmec and Mayan relatedness is suggested, further supporting the notion that Olmecs may have been the precursors of Mayans; 2) Language and genetics do not completely correlate in microenvironmental studies; and 3) Peopling of the Americas was probably more complex than postulated by Greenberg and others (three peopling waves). Significant genetic input from outside is not noticed in Meso and South American Amerindians according to the phylogenetic analyses; while all world populations (including Africans, Europeans, Asians, Australians, Polynesians, North American Na-Dene Indians and Eskimos) are genetically related.