Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals: a Compendium of Current Information Related to Frequently Used Substances.

This report provides a compendium of current information relating to radiation dose to patients, including biokinetic models, biokinetic data, dose coefficients for organ and tissue absorbed doses, and effective dose for major radiopharmaceuticals based on the radiation protection guidance given in Publication 60(ICRP, 1991). These data were mainly compiled from Publications 53, 80, and 106(ICRP, 1987, 1998, 2008), and related amendments and corrections. This report also includes new information for 82Rb-chloride, iodide (123I, 124I, 125I, and 131I) and 123I labeled 2ß-carbomethoxy 3ß-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (FPCIT).

Effect of temperature during irradiation on the level of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to X-rays and neutrons.

Objectives: It has been reported that the level of cytogenetic damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is higher following irradiation at 37 degrees C than at 0-4 degrees C. The mechanisms of this cytogenetic temperature effect are not fully known. The aim of our study was to check whether the effect was related to the indirect or direct action of radiation.

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of 99mTc-Ethylene-l-dicysteine (99mTc-EC).

Background: Ethylenedicysteine-99mTc (99mTc-EC) has been more and more commonly applied in dynamic studies as well as for clearance determinations. However, it was necessary to investigate in detail the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the radiopharmaceutical which may be important for its applicability in assessment of renal function.

Results: Kidney images obtained from renoscintigraphy are characterised by excellent quality without visualisation of the organs adjacent to kidneys (liver, spleen).

99mTc-HEPIDA plasma clearance as a diagnostic tool. Total plasma v. specific hepatic clearance.

Background: (99m)Tc-HEPIDA total plasma clearance has been used for assessment of hepatic parenchyma damage. However, the radiopharmaceutical used is being partly cleared from plasma also by the urinary tract. As the share of the latter route in total elimination of the compound is not well known, the aim of the study was to investigate the percentage of (99m)Tc-HEPIDA eliminated by the kidneys and by the liver.