Brine shrimp Artemia salina to evaluate the impact of environmental concentrations of BMAA and isomers, DAB and AEG, via mortality (nauplii) and behavioural (adult) tests.

BMAA and its isomers, DAB and AEG, are toxins mainly produced by cyanobacterial blooms and represent an emerging risk worldwide. Anthropization and climate changes are expanding blooms and the presence of these toxins has been evidenced in different environments including water and air. Investigated since decades, BMAA is a recognized danger in cases of bioaccumulation or when directly exposed to relatively high doses (μg/L).

Effects of environmental concentrations of toxins BMAA and its isomers DAB and AEG on zebrafish larvae.

The increasing concern over the environmental presence of β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a toxin primarily produced by cyanobacteria and diatoms, has stimulated numerous studies to evaluate the risk for exposed populations, mainly aquatic organisms and humans. This study focuses on the toxicity of environmental concentrations of BMAA and its isomers, l-2,4 diaminobutyric acid dihydrochloride (DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine (AEG) on zebrafish embryo development (ng.L).

Exposure to ammonia solution due to substance use: a retrospective study from the French poison centres database (2009-2018).

Introduction: Ammonia solution (ammonium hydroxide) is used to convert cocaine hydrochloride to freebase cocaine. Due to its causticity, unintentional exposure to ammonia in a substance use context can result in injury. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of unintentional oral and buccal ammonia solution exposure in a substance use context.