Equivalence analysis to support environmental safety assessment: Using nontarget organism count data from field trials with cisgenically modified potato.

This paper considers the statistical analysis of entomological count data from field experiments with genetically modified (GM) plants. Such trials are carried out to assess environmental safety. Potential effects on nontarget organisms (NTOs), as indicators of biodiversity, are investigated.

Effects of a genetically modified potato on a non-target aphid are outweighed by cultivar differences.

Insect-plant interactions may be unintentionally affected when introducing genetically modified (GM) crops into an agro-ecosystem. Our aim was to test the non-target effects of a late blight-resistant GM potato on in greenhouse and climate room experiments and understand how position and number of R gene insertions can affect non-targets in GM events. We also aimed to compare results to baseline differences among three conventional potato varieties varying in resistance to late blight.

Phytohormone mediation of interactions between herbivores and plant pathogens.

Induced plant defenses against either pathogens or herbivore attackers are regulated by phytohormones. These phytohormones are increasingly recognized as important mediators of interactions between organisms associated with plants. In this review, we discuss the role of plant defense hormones in sequential tri-partite interactions among plants, pathogenic microbes, and herbivorous insects, based on the most recent literature.

Recycling of epidermal growth factor-receptor complexes in A431 cells: identification of dual pathways.

The intracellular sorting of EGF-receptor complexes (EGF-RC) has been studied in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Recycling of EGF was found to occur rapidly after internalization at 37 degrees C. The initial rate of EGF recycling was reduced at 18 degrees C.

Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with hydroxyprogesterone-caproate: placebo-controlled study.

A placebo-controlled study with progesterone compound, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17-n-caproate (Primostat), in 39 patients with benign enlargement of the prostate is reported. Statistical analysis of the results showed no evidence of significant improvement in patients receiving hydroxyprogesterone-caproate. No evidence of an effect as compared with the placebo was found when the residual urine, prostatic size, and histologic and ultrastructural changes of the removed prostatic gland in 6 of the patients, and in the luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estrogen urine levels in 21 patients were examined.