The "comfort timing" strategy: a potential pathway for the cultivation of uncultured microorganisms and a possible adaptation for environmental colonisation.

Efforts to isolate uncultured microorganisms over the last century and a half, as well as the advanced 'omics' technologies developed over the last three decades, have greatly increased the knowledge and resources of microbiology. However, many cellular functions such as growth remain unknown in most of the microbial diversity identified through genomic sequences from environmental samples, as evidenced by the increasingly precise observations of the phenomenon known as the 'great plate count anomaly'. Faced with the many microbial cells recalcitrant to cultivation present in environmental samples, Epstein proposed the 'scout' model, characterised by a dominance of dormant cells whose awakening would be strictly stochastic.

Baclofen Combined With Psychosocial Care is Useful and Safe in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis Patients: A Real-Life Multicenter Study.

Background: Alcohol-related cirrhosis is a frequent and difficult-to-treat disease. Despite the low hepatic metabolism of baclofen, data on its use in this subgroup are scarce. The French multicenter Observatory of patients treated with Baclofen for Alcohol DEpendence real-life cohort assessed: (a) prescription modalities of baclofen in liver units; (b) safety profile of baclofen; and (c) declared alcohol intake, biological markers of excessive alcohol intake and hepatic function at 12 months.

Altered microRNA Transcriptome in Cultured Human Liver Cells upon Infection with Ebola Virus.

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a virulent pathogen, notorious for inducing life-threatening hemorrhagic fever, that has been responsible for several outbreaks in Africa and remains a public health threat. Yet, its pathogenesis is still not completely understood. Although there have been numerous studies on host transcriptional response to EBOV, with an emphasis on the clinical features, the impact of EBOV infection on post-transcriptional regulatory elements, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), remains largely unexplored.

Platelet Pathogen Reduction Technologies Alter the MicroRNA Profile of Platelet-Derived Microparticles.

Despite improvements in donor screening and increasing efforts to avoid contamination and the spread of pathogens in clinical platelet concentrates (PCs), the risks of transfusion-transmitted infections remain important. Relying on an ultraviolet photo activation system, pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs), such as Intercept and Mirasol, utilize amotosalen, and riboflavin (vitamin B2), respectively, to mediate inactivation of pathogen nucleic acids. Although they are expected to increase the safety and prolong the shelf life of clinical PCs, these PRTs might affect the quality and function of platelets, as recently reported.

Complexity of the microRNA transcriptome of cow milk and milk-derived extracellular vesicles isolated via differential ultracentrifugation.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small gene-regulatory noncoding RNA that are highly enriched in cow milk. They are encapsulated in different extracellular vesicle (EV) subsets that protect them from the extracellular milieu and the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract during digestion. Here, we isolated pellets enriched in 4 different EV subsets, via differential ultracentrifugation of commercial cow milk: 12,000 × g (P12K), 35,000 × g (P35K), 70,000 × g (P70K), and 100,000 × g (P100K).