Clinical experience on switching trientine tetrahydrochloride to trientine dihydrochloride in Wilson disease patients.

This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of trientine dihydrochloride (TETA 2-HCl) in patients with Wilson disease (WD) following a switch from trientine tetrahydrochloride (TETA 4-HCl). A total of 30 WD patients with stable copper metabolism were identified for treatment with TETA 2-HCl (Cufence™) after prior use of TETA 4-HCl (Cuprior™). Biochemical markers including urinary copper, non-ceruloplasmin bound copper (NCC) and liver function were analyzed at baseline and followed up over 12 months.

Development and Implementation of a Basic Veterinary Ultrasound Curriculum.

Diagnostic ultrasound is an important imaging modality in veterinary medicine. Surveys of veterinarians suggest that ultrasound is a desired clinical competence and that new graduates are expected to practice basic ultrasound skills. This report describes the development and implementation of a basic ultrasound training program in the core curriculum at Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine (ISU-CVM).

Satellite glia modulate sympathetic neuron survival, activity, and autonomic function.

Satellite glia are the major glial cells in sympathetic ganglia, enveloping neuronal cell bodies. Despite this intimate association, the extent to which sympathetic functions are influenced by satellite glia in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that satellite glia are critical for metabolism, survival, and activity of sympathetic neurons and modulate autonomic behaviors in mice.

Atoh7-independent specification of retinal ganglion cell identity.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) relay visual information from the eye to the brain. RGCs are the first cell type generated during retinal neurogenesis. Loss of function of the transcription factor , expressed in multipotent early neurogenic retinal progenitors leads to a selective and essentially complete loss of RGCs.

Retinal innervation tunes circuits that drive nonphotic entrainment to food.

Daily changes in light and food availability are major time cues that influence circadian timing. However, little is known about the circuits that integrate these time cues to drive a coherent circadian output. Here we investigate whether retinal inputs modulate entrainment to nonphotic cues such as time-restricted feeding.