Premature mortality patterns among American Indians in North Dakota, 2010-2019 (pre-pandemic).

Background: According to the National Center for Health Data, in 2017 American Indians in North Dakota experience the highest age-adjusted mortality rate in the United States. Data shows that the age-adjusted death rate for all North Dakotans has steadily declined since 1979. However, mortality remains high among American Indians in North Dakota.

Prenatal alcohol exposure before pregnancy awareness: a thematic analysis of online forum comments and misinformation.

Background: Many women consume alcohol while pregnant before they are aware of the pregnancy, raising concerns about potential harms to the developing fetus. Official guidelines in the United Kingdom recommend abstinence throughout pregnancy, and many women turn to online forums for reassurance and information. However, online forums can also become a source of misinformation, potentially increasing confusion and anxiety among women who have consumed alcohol before pregnancy awareness.

Pre-surgical memory impairment is associated with risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in a large geriatric cohort.

Some patients undergoing surgical procedures display long-term post-surgery cognitive impairment (post-operative cognitive dysfunction; POCD), which may precipitate progression to dementia. We investigated whether preoperative cognitive impairment defined using specific cognitive tests (Paired-Associates Learning and Spatial-Span from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, (CANTAB) was associated with increased risk of POCD. N = 590 patients >65years and a matched control group n=114 comprised the final sample.

Vessels Spanning Avascular Retina in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.

The authors describe a fluorescein angiography finding of thick bridging vessels spanning peripheral avascular retina (BVSPAR) in 7.8% of eyes with FEVR. BVSPAR may be associated with poor outcomes and worsening traction after treatment.

Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits.

To solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers probably need to incorporate quantum error correction, in which a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches. Here, using a superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance d = 5 (ref.