Elucidating governing factors of PFAS removal by polyamide membranes using machine learning and molecular simulations.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have recently garnered considerable concerns regarding their impacts on human and ecological health. Despite the important roles of polyamide membranes in remediating PFASs-contaminated water, the governing factors influencing PFAS transport across these membranes remain elusive. In this study, we investigate PFAS rejection by polyamide membranes using two machine learning (ML) models, namely XGBoost and multimodal transformer models.

GATD3A-deficiency-induced mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates senescence of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and osteoarthritis progression.

Accumulating evidence indicates that cellular senescence is closely associated with osteoarthritis. However, there is limited research on the mechanisms underlying fibroblast-like synoviocyte senescence and its impact on osteoarthritis progression. Here, we elucidate a positive correlation between fibroblast-like synoviocyte senescence and osteoarthritis progression and reveal that GATD3A deficiency induces fibroblast-like synoviocyte senescence.

Stress granules sequester autophagy proteins to facilitate plant recovery from heat stress.

The autophagy pathway regulates the degradation of misfolded proteins caused by heat stress (HS) in the cytoplasm, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Although previous studies have established that autophagy (ATG) genes are transcriptionally upregulated in response to HS, the precise regulation of ATG proteins at the subcellular level remains poorly understood. In this study, we provide compelling evidence for the translocation of key autophagy components, including the ATG1/ATG13 kinase complex (ATG1a, ATG13a), PI3K complex (ATG6, VPS34), and ATG8-PE system (ATG5), to HS-induced stress granules (SGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Infinitesimal optical singularity ruler for three-dimensional picometric metrology.

Optical metrology with picometer-scale precision in three-dimensional space is of considerable importance in modern physics and state of the art technology, optical interference is an effective method, but techniques with rapid spatial variation have the potential to enhance measurement precision, which will be required as measurement dimensions decrease. Here, the concept of the vanishingly small optical phase singularity ruler is introduced. Inspired by the well-known plumb-line technique used to locate the centroid, an analogous singularity line technique is proposed to locate the optical singularity with a precision of ~4.

Atomically engineering interlayer symmetry operations of two-dimensional crystals.

Crystal symmetry, which governs the local atomic coordination and bonding environment, is one of the paramount constituents that intrinsically dictate materials' functionalities. However, engineering crystal symmetry is not straightforward due to the isotropically strong covalent/ionic bonds in crystals. Layered two-dimensional materials offer an ideal platform for crystal engineering because of the ease of interlayer symmetry operations.