Apramycin resistance in epidemic carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 strains.

Background: Recent studies indicated that the monosubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside apramycin is a potent antibiotic against a wide range of MDR Gram-negative pathogens.

Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro activity of apramycin against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) isolates from New York and New Jersey, and to explore mechanisms of apramycin resistance.

Methods: Apramycin MICs were determined by broth microdilution for 155 CRKp bloodstream isolates collected from 2013 to 2018.

IS-Mediated Mobilization of the Colistin Resistance Gene in Escherichia coli.

The mobile colistin resistance gene has globally disseminated since it was first reported in 2017 in mobilization assays in this study demonstrate the functionality of the composite transposon structure IS-IS in wild-type and strains. These transpositions generated 4-bp duplications at the target sites. This is the first report demonstrating the mobility of the gene by transposition.

A Novel, Drug Resistance-Independent, Fluorescence-Based Approach To Measure Mutation Rates in Microbial Pathogens.

All evolutionary processes are underpinned by a cellular capacity to mutate DNA. To identify factors affecting mutagenesis, it is necessary to compare mutation rates between different strains and conditions. Drug resistance-based mutation reporters are used extensively to measure mutation rates, but they are suitable only when the compared strains have identical drug tolerance levels-a condition that is not satisfied under many "real-world" circumstances, e.

Gardnerella vaginalis population dynamics in bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the leading cause of vaginal discharge and is associated with the facultative Gram-variable bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis, whose population structure consists of four clades. Our goal was to determine if these clades differ with regard to abundance during BV. We performed a short-term longitudinal study of BV.

Approved Glycopeptide Antibacterial Drugs: Mechanism of Action and Resistance.

The glycopeptide antimicrobials are a group of natural product and semisynthetic glycosylated peptides that show antibacterial activity against Gram-positive organisms through inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. This is achieved primarily through binding to the d-alanyl-d-alanine terminus of the lipid II bacterial cell-wall precursor, preventing cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer. Vancomycin is the foundational member of the class, showing both clinical longevity and a still preferential role in the therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and of susceptible Enterococcus spp.