Introduction: De novo donor-specific HLA antibody (dnDSA) are associated with poor outcomes. Whether this observation applies to both HLA class I and II dnDSA remains unclear.
Methods: We studied 1236 consecutive kidney recipients who had routine anti-HLA antibody surveillance post-transplant.
Introduction: The process of immunization following vaccination in humans bears similarities to that of immunization with allografts. Whereas vaccination aims to elicit a rapid response, in the transplant recipient, immunosuppressants slow the immunization to alloantigens. The induction of CD4+CXCR5+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells has been shown to correlate with the success of vaccine immunization.
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