Exploring Recent Changes to the New Urology Residency Match.

Introduction: This study assesses the effects of the recent changes to the urology residency match process.

Methods: We emailed an anonymous, multiple-choice survey to each candidate who applied to any of our 3 urology programs for the 2024 Urology Residency Match.

Results: Of the 433 candidates invited, 146 (33.

BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE COUNTERACTS THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF A SATURATED HIGH-FAT DIET ON SYNAPTIC AMPA RECEPTORS AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE.

The ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat and low carbohydrates, has gained popularity not only as a strategy for managing body weight but also for its efficacy in delaying cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases and the aging process. Since this dietary approach stimulates the liver's production of ketone bodies, primarily β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which serves as an alternative energy source for neurons, we investigated whether BHB could mitigate impaired AMPA receptor trafficking, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline induced by metabolic challenges such as saturated fatty acids. Here, we observe that, in cultured primary cortical neurons, exposure to palmitic acid (200μM) decreased surface levels of glutamate GluA1-containing AMPA receptors, whereas unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (200μM), and BHB (5mM) increased them.

Urology Residency Applicant Selection: Program Directors' New Criteria.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the recent changes to the urology residency application process on the criteria utilized by residency program directors (PDs) for interview invitations and their perspectives concerning these changes.

Methods: One hundred thirty-seven urology residency PDs were invited to participate in an anonymous survey to explore interview selection criteria and the impact of the increase in preference signals (PS) per applicant.

Results: Fifty-eight PDs (42.

Gender differences in ergonomics during simulated ureteroscopy.

Background: Female urologists report higher rates of work-related physical discomfort compared to male urologists. We compared ergonomics during simulated ureteroscopy, the most common surgery for kidney stones, between male and female urologists.

Methods: Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activation during common ureteroscopic tasks in urology trainees and staff with different surgeon positions and ureteroscopes.

Nr4a2 blocks oAβ-mediated synaptic plasticity dysfunction and ameliorates spatial memory deficits in the APP mouse.

Alzheimer's disease AD is associated with disruptions in neuronal communication, especially in brain regions crucial for learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. The amyloid hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of amyloid-beta oligomers (oAβ) contributes to synaptic dysfunction by internalisation of synaptic AMPA receptors. Recently, it has been reported that Nr4a2, a member of the Nr4a family of orphan nuclear receptors, plays a role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity by regulating BDNF and synaptic AMPA receptors.