Growth Hormone Receptor Regulation in Cancer and Chronic Diseases.

The GHR signaling pathway plays important roles in growth, metabolism, cell cycle control, immunity, homeostatic processes, and chemoresistance both the JAK/STAT and the SRC pathways. Dysregulation of GHR signaling is associated with various diseases and chronic conditions such as acromegaly, cancer, aging, metabolic disease, fibroses, inflammation and autoimmunity. Numerous studies entailing the GHR signaling pathway have been conducted for various cancers.

Jak2 is a negative regulator of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis of the growth hormone receptor.

Background: Length and intensity of signal transduction via cytokine receptors is precisely regulated. Degradation of certain cytokine receptors is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase SCF(βTrCP). In several instances, Janus kinase (Jak) family members can stabilise their cognate cytokine receptors at the cell surface.

Specificity, location and function of βTrCP isoforms and their splice variants.

SCF(βTrCP) is the ubiquitin ligase for a wide variety of substrates and functions in many cellular processes. βTrCP, the substrate binding factor of the SCF complex, has two isoforms, produced from different genes, and several splice variants. Despite a certain level of redundancy, knock-out studies show different phenotypes indicating different preferential substrates for the two isoforms.

The ubiquitin ligase SCF(betaTrCP) regulates the degradation of the growth hormone receptor.

SCF ubiquitin ligases play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell division and various signal transduction pathways, which in turn are involved in cell growth, survival, and transformation. SCF(TrCP) recognizes the double phosphorylated DSGPhiXS destruction motif in beta-catenin and IkappaB. We show that the same ligase drives endocytosis and degradation of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in a ligand-independent fashion.

Controlled trial of a semi-rigid bandage ('Scotchrap') in patients with ankle ligament lesions.

A randomized, controlled, parallel-group study was performed to compare the clinical efficacy of a semi-rigid bandage ('Scotchrap') with the standard adhesive tape treatment for ankle ligament injuries. The semi-rigid bandage support wrap consists of a knitted fibreglass fabric impregnated with a polyurethane resin. The cotton stockinet and the synthetic cast padding are used for protection of pressure points and any bony prominences.