Fluid-structure interaction simulations outperform computational fluid dynamics in the description of thoracic aorta haemodynamics and in the differentiation of progressive dilation in Marfan syndrome patients.

Abnormal fluid dynamics at the ascending aorta may be at the origin of aortic aneurysms. This study was aimed at comparing the performance of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations against four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data; and to assess the capacity of advanced fluid dynamics markers to stratify aneurysm progression risk. Eight Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients, four with stable and four with dilating aneurysms of the proximal aorta, and four healthy controls were studied.

Arterial pulse attenuation prediction using the decaying rate of a pressure wave in a viscoelastic material model.

The present study examines the possibility of attenuating blood pulses by means of introducing prosthetic viscoelastic materials able to absorb energy and damp such pulses. Vascular prostheses made of polymeric materials modify the mechanical properties of blood vessels. The effect of these materials on the blood pulse propagation remains to be fully understood.

Extent of flow recirculation governs expression of atherosclerotic and thrombotic biomarkers in arterial bifurcations.

Aims: Atherogenesis, evolution of plaque, and outcomes following endovascular intervention depend heavily on the unique vascular architecture of each individual. Patient-specific, multiscale models able to correlate changes in microscopic cellular responses with relevant macroscopic flow, and structural conditions may help understand the progression of occlusive arterial disease, providing insights into how to mitigate adverse responses in specific settings and individuals.

Methods And Results: Vascular architectures mimicking coronary and carotid bifurcations were derived from clinical imaging and used to generate conjoint computational meshes for in silico analysis and biocompatible scaffolds for in vitro models.

Engineered arterial models to correlate blood flow to tissue biological response.

This paper reviews how biomedical engineers, in collaboration with physicians, biologists, chemists, physicists, and mathematicians, have developed models to explain how the impact of vascular interventions on blood flow predicts subsequent vascular repair. These models have become increasingly sophisticated and precise, propelling us toward optimization of cardiovascular therapeutics in general and personalizing treatments for patients with cardiovascular disease.