In situ detection of PD1-PD-L1 interactions as a functional predictor for response to immune checkpoint inhibition in NSCLC.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed lung cancer treatment, yet their effectiveness appears restricted to certain patient subsets. Current clinical stratification based on PD-L1 expression offers limited predictive value. Given the mechanism of action, directly detecting spatial PD1-PD-L1 interactions might yield more precise insights into immune responses and treatment outcomes.

Cell therapy with human IL-10-producing ILC2s limits xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease by inhibiting pathogenic T cell responses.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) regulate inflammatory immune responses, yet their therapeutic potential remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that cell therapy with human ILC2 inhibits pathogenic T cell responses in humanized mouse models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), resulting in reduced GVHD severity and improved overall survival without limiting the graft-versus-leukemia effect. ILC2 conferred superior protection from GVHD than IL-10 ILC2s, and blocking IL-10 and IL-4 abrogated ILC2 protective effects, indicating that these cytokines are important for the protective effects of ILC2.

Single cell profiling of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients reveals TGF-β1 and IL-2 confer immunoregulatory functions to NK cells.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity is influenced by cytokines and microenvironment factors, resulting in remarkably diverse functions, by contributing to inflammatory responses or serving as rheostats of adaptive immunity. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified a CD56NK cell population associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients protected from acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We further define a role for the combination of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in promoting a regulatory phenotype in NK cells.

PTCy Based Graft versus Host Disease Prophylaxis for Matched Sibling Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is a promising graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in haploidentical and matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but its role in matched sibling donor (MSD) transplants remains unclear.We conducted a retrospective study of 413 MSD-HSCT patients receiving peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts from January 2010 to January 2023. Patients were categorized into four groups: Group I (CNI + MTX or MMF), Group II (CNI + MTX or MMF + ATG), Group III (PTCy + ATG + CNI), and Group IV (PTCy + CNI + MMF).

Daratumumab in the Management of Red Cell Aplasia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare but significant complication following major ABO-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The persistence of recipient B lymphocytes producing anti-donor isohemagglutinins leads to reticulocytopenia and anemia, often resulting in transfusion dependence. Current treatment options for post-HSCT PRCA are limited and frequently yield suboptimal responses, complicating patient management.