Patient specific variables impact sensitivity to association between joint balance and 2 Year outcomes.

Background: This study investigates the association between intra-operative balance and 2-year outcomes within subgroups defined by demographics and pre-operative joint balance. Our hypothesis is that patient demographics and the pre-operative state of the joint will impact patient sensitivity to post-operative balance and laxity and subsequent impact on outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively captured data across 5 sites with 5 surgeons was performed.

Acidogenic fermentation of Ulva in a fed-batch reactor system: tubular versus foliose biomass.

The present study proposes a biorefinery of the macroalgae Ulva, focusing on evaluating two different morphologies of the species (foliose and tubular) during acidogenic fermentation in fed-batch reactors. Stage 1 of the study evaluates lyophilised foliose and tubular Ulva, whilst Stage 2 analyses the impact of ulvan extraction on volatile fatty acids yield and changes in carbohydrate availability. Acetic, propionic, and butyric acids were produced from each substrate, with peak concentrations of total VFAs recorded at 2179.

A bespoke water T-maze apparatus and protocol: an optimized, reliable, and repeatable method for screening learning, memory, and executive functioning in laboratory mice.

The Morris Water Maze (MWM) is the most commonly used assay for evaluating learning and memory in laboratory mice. Despite its widespread use, contemporary reviews have highlighted substantial methodological variation in experimental protocols and that the associated testing procedures are acutely (each trial) and chronically (testing across days) stressful; stress impairs attention, memory consolidation and the retrieval of learned information. Moreover, the interpretation of behavior within the MWM is often difficult because of wall hugging, non-spatial swim strategies, floating, and jumping off the escape platform.

Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation in South Africa: a case study of USAID-supported programs.

Since the introduction of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2016, countries have successfully scaled-up PrEP to populations at risk of HIV acquisition, including key populations, serodiscordant couples and pregnant women. Between 2016 and 2023, there were over 5.6 million oral PrEP initiations globally.