Visual Field Progression in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study.

Purpose: To determine the rate of visual field (VF) loss before and after the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS).

Design: Prespecified analyses of data collected prospectively in a clinical trial with extended follow-up.

Setting And Participants: Participants who developed POAG during OHTS 1 and 2 (February 1994 to December 2008) constitute an inception cohort.

Distal neuropathic pain in HIV is associated with functional connectivity patterns in default mode and salience networks.

HIV-associated distal neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and treatment-resistant complications of HIV, but its biological underpinnings are incompletely understood. While data specific to mechanisms underlying HIV DNP are scarce, functional neuroimaging of chronic pain more broadly implicates the role of altered resting-state functional connectivity within and between salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) regions. However, it remains unclear the extent to which HIV DNP is associated with similar alterations in connectivity.

HIV peripheral neuropathy-related degeneration of white matter tracts to sensorimotor cortex.

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy (HIV-DSP) affects up to 50% of people with HIV and is associated with depression, unemployment, and generally worsened quality of life. Previous work on the cortical mechanism of HIV neuropathy found decreased gray matter volume in the bilateral midbrain, thalamus, and posterior cingulate cortex, but structural connectivity in this context remains under-studied. Here we examine alterations in white matter microstructure using diffusion imaging, hypothesizing that cortical white matter degeneration would be observed in continuation of the peripheral white matter atrophy previously observed in HIV-DSP.

Toward Composite Pain Biomarkers of Neuropathic Pain-Focus on Peripheral Neuropathic Pain.

Chronic pain affects ~10-20% of the U.S. population with an estimated annual cost of $600 billion, the most significant economic cost of any disease to-date.

Association of painful human immunodeficiency virus distal sensory polyneuropathy with aberrant expectation of pain relief: functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence.

Mechanisms underlying chronic neuropathic pain associated with HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy are poorly understood, yet 40% of those with distal neuropathy (or 20% of all people with HIV) suffer from this debilitating condition. Central pain processing mechanisms are thought to contribute to the development of HIV neuropathic pain, yet studies investigating central mechanisms for HIV neuropathic pain are few. Considering the motivational nature of pain, we aimed to examine the degree to which expectation of pain onset and expectation of pain offset are altered in sixty-one male patients with HIV-related distal sensory polyneuropathy with ( = 30) and without ( = 31) chronic neuropathic pain.