Mechanisms of aortic dissection: From pathological changes to experimental and models.

Aortic dissection continues to be responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, although recent advances in medical data assimilation and in experimental and models have improved our understanding of the initiation and progression of the accumulation of blood within the aortic wall. Hence, there remains a pressing necessity for innovative and enhanced models to more accurately characterize the associated pathological changes. Early on, experimental models were employed to uncover mechanisms in aortic dissection, such as hemodynamic changes and alterations in wall microstructure, and to assess the efficacy of medical implants.

Large-scale and long-term wildlife research and monitoring using camera traps: a continental synthesis.

Camera traps are widely used in wildlife research and monitoring, so it is imperative to understand their strengths, limitations, and potential for increasing impact. We investigated a decade of use of wildlife cameras (2012-2022) with a case study on Australian terrestrial vertebrates using a multifaceted approach. We (i) synthesised information from a literature review; (ii) conducted an online questionnaire of 132 professionals; (iii) hosted an in-person workshop of 28 leading experts representing academia, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and government; and (iv) mapped camera trap usage based on all sources.

School-age growth and development following infant feeding and/or water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in rural Zimbabwe: long-term follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial.

Background: Few trials have explored long-term effects of interventions designed to reduce child stunting. We evaluated school-age outcomes in rural Zimbabwean children who received cluster-randomised water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and/or infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions from pregnancy up to 18 months of age.

Methods: The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial enrolled pregnant women from two rural Zimbabwean districts (Chirumanzu and Shurugwi) between 2012 and 2015, and cluster-randomised them using a 2 × 2 factorial design to standard-of-care, WASH, IYCF, or combined WASH & IYCF, with a co-primary outcome of height-for-age Z-score and haemoglobin at 18 months (clinicaltrials.

A thermodynamic investigation into protein-excipient interactions involving different grades of polysorbate 20 and 80.

Developing stable biopharmaceutical formulations is of paramount importance and is typically achieved by incorporating surfactants as stabilising agents, such as polysorbate 20 and 80. However, little is known about the effect surfactant grade has on formulation stability. This study evaluates the effect of regular grade and Super-refined™ polysorbates 20 and 80 and their interaction with model proteins, namely β-lactoglobulin (β-Ig), human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin gamma (IgG), using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).