Trochleoplasty Utilization in the Management of Patellofemoral Instability: Results From an International Survey of Surgeons.

Background: Considerable variability exists in the described clinical and radiographic indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and risk profile after trochleoplasty for the management of patellofemoral instability (PFI). In areas of clinical uncertainty, a cohesive summary of expert opinion and identification of areas of variation in current practice can be useful in guiding current practice and future research efforts.

Purpose: To assess the current indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation practices, and observed complication profile for trochleoplasty in the management of PFI among surgeons who perform this procedure.

Variable Guidelines for Pediatric Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Exists Across PRiSM Member Organizations.

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, typically used to restore stability to the patellofemoral joint after dislocation, often requires extensive rehabilitation to address acute impairment related to surgical intervention and also underlying non-anatomical deficits that may have contributed to the index injury. Rehabilitation guidelines, including objective functional performance assessment criteria, are lacking in the literature. We sought to summarize the clinical guidelines for rehabilitation and return to activity assessment after MPFL reconstruction as advocated by the member organizations of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Patellofemoral Research Interest Group (PF-RIG).

Does Nonlinguistic Segmentation Predict Literacy in Second Language Education? Statistical Learning in Ivorian Primary Schools.

Statistical learning (SL) is a learning mechanism that does not directly depend on knowledge of a language, but predicts language and literacy outcomes for children and adults. Research linking SL and literacy has not addressed children who first learn to read in their second language (L2), common in primary schools worldwide. Several studies have linked SL with childhood literacy in Australia, China, Europe, and the U.

Apparatus to measure density and viscosity of high-pressure carbon dioxide-alcohol mixtures.

Thermophysical properties of (single phase) binary CO2-alcohol mixtures under high pressure and moderate temperature conditions are important in supercritical fluid processes. An apparatus to measure mixture density as a function of temperature (up to 80 °C) and pressure (up to 15.9 MPa) over the full range of CO2 mass fractions was designed and commissioned.

Statistical learning and children's emergent literacy in rural Côte d'Ivoire.

Studies of non-linguistic statistical learning (SL) have often linked performance in SL tasks with differences in language outcomes. Most of these studies have focused on Western and high-income educational contexts, but children worldwide learn in radically different educational systems and communities, and often in a second language. In the west African nation of Côte d'Ivoire, children enter fifth grade (CM-1) with widely varying ages and literacy skills.