Long-term efficacy of routine access to antiretroviral-resistance testing in HIV type 1-infected patients: results of the clinical efficacy of resistance testing trial.

The long-term efficacy of making resistance testing routinely available to clinicians has not been established. We conducted a clinical trial at 6 US military hospitals in which volunteers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 were randomized to have routine access to phenotype resistance testing (PT arm), access to genotype resistance testing (GT arm), or no access to either test (VB arm). The primary outcome measure was time to persistent treatment failure despite change(s) in antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen.

Drug resistance patterns, genetic subtypes, clinical features, and risk factors in military personnel with HIV-1 seroconversion.

Background: Regular testing of military personnel identifies early HIV infection; this identification provides a sentinel cohort in which to describe the evolving molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 transmission.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and epidemiologic correlates associated with the acquisition of non-subtype B and drug-resistant HIV infections.

Design: Cross-sectional study.