Spatial ecology of in the human oral cavity.

Unlabelled: and are two of the most common bacterial genera in the human oral cavity, encompassing both commensals and pathogens of substantial ecological and medical significance. In this study, we conducted a metapangenomic analysis of oral and species to uncover genomic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and habitat specialization within the human oral cavity. Using three metrics-pangenomic gene content, phylogenomics, and average nucleotide identity (ANI)-we first identified distinct species and sub-species groups among these genera.

μ-opioid receptor agonists and psychedelics: pharmacological opportunities and challenges.

Opioid misuse and opioid-involved overdose deaths are a massive public health problem involving the intertwined misuse of prescription opioids for pain management with the emergence of extremely potent fentanyl derivatives, sold as standalone products or adulterants in counterfeit prescription opioids or heroin. The incidence of repeated opioid overdose events indicates a problematic use pattern consistent with the development of the medical condition of opioid use disorder (). Prescription and illicit opioids reduce pain perception by activating µ-opioid receptors () localized to the central nervous system ().

Differential bumble bee gene expression associated with pathogen infection and pollen diet.

Background: Diet and parasitism can have powerful effects on host gene expression. However, how specific dietary components affect host gene expression that could feed back to affect parasitism is relatively unexplored in many wild species. Recently, it was discovered that consumption of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollen reduced severity of gut protozoan pathogen Crithidia bombi infection in Bombus impatiens bumble bees.

Comparative analysis of 3 pollen sterilization methods for feeding bumble bees.

Pollen is an essential component of bee diets, and rearing bumble bees (Bombus spp.) for commercial use necessitates feeding pollen in mass quantities. This pollen is collected from honey bee (Apis mellifera L.

Site Specialization of Human Oral Species.

species are abundant members of the human oral microbiome with multiple interspecies commensal relationships. Examining the distribution patterns of species across the oral cavity is fundamental to understanding their oral ecology. In this study, we used a combination of pangenomic analysis and oral metagenomic information to clarify taxonomy and to test the site specialist hypothesis for the genus, which contends that most oral bacterial species are adapted to live at specific oral sites.