A Retrospective Study of the Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs and Testosterone in Transgender Boys: Who, What, When, and for How Long?

A retrospective review of gender-affirming hormone therapy was conducted in 101 transgender boys followed in the pediatric endocrine clinic. Eighty-seven percent were postmenarchal at the initial visit. Of the 44% prescribed gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas), insurance coverage was denied in 34% and an average of 4.

Age-induced changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA synthesis, quantity, and quality in genetically unique rats.

Mitochondrial genomic integrity is a key element of physiological processes and health. Changes in the half-life of the mitochondrial genome are implicated in the generation and accumulation of age-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are implicated in skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia. There are conflicting data on the half-life of mtDNA, and there is limited information on how aging affects half-life in skeletal muscle.

A retrospective review of the use of bicalutamide in transfeminine youth; a single center experience.

Androgen blockers are an essential part of gender affirming care in post-pubertal transfeminine patients. Bicalutamide is a highly potent androgen receptor blocker that is used primarily in adults. We aimed to review our experience with the use of bicalutamide in transgender adolescents who were assigned male at birth.