The impact of a pathologist's personality on the interobserver variability and diagnostic accuracy of predictive PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in lung cancer.

Objectives: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the only approved predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, predictive PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is subject to interobserver variability. We hypothesized that a pathologist's personality influences the interobserver variability and diagnostic accuracy of PD-L1 immunoscoring.

Presence of a 34-gene signature is a favorable prognostic marker in squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Background: The tumor immune microenvironment is a heterogeneous entity. Gene expression analysis allows us to perform comprehensive immunoprofiling and may assist in dissecting the different components of the immune infiltrate. As gene expression analysis also provides information regarding tumor cells, differences in interactions between the immune system and specific tumor characteristics can also be explored.

Absence of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells in the context of an activated immune infiltrate may indicate impaired IFNγ signaling in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PD-L1 expression on either tumor cells (TC) or both TC and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC) is currently the most used biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms involved in PD-L1 regulation are not fully understood. To provide better insight in these mechanisms, a multiangular analysis approach was used to combine protein and mRNA expression with several clinicopathological characteristics.

FGFR1, 2 and 3 protein overexpression and molecular aberrations of FGFR3 in early stage non-small cell lung cancer.

This study aimed to determine protein expression levels of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 1, 2 and 3 in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, a screen to define the frequency of translocation and amplification was performed. Archived tissues from 653 NSCLC samples (adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell carcinoma (LCC)) were analysed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of FGFR1, 2 and 3.

A 28-year-old pregnant woman with a very rare cause of jugular vein thrombosis.

During pregnancy, venous thrombosis of the distal extremities is not uncommon. However, thrombosis in the upper part of the body, such as jugular vein thrombosis, is rare. If underlying causes such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) or septic thrombophlebitis (Lemierre's syndrome) are excluded, a serous borderline ovary tumour (BOT) must be considered and MR imaging of the abdomen could be performed to find a primary tumour mass.