Cycling the Breath in Noninvasive Home Ventilation.

Spontaneous/timed (ST) mode is widely used for long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in adults and children. It combines controlled, assisted, and spontaneous breaths. Cycling refers to the switch from inspiration to exhalation.

[Estrogen receptors and vascular aging].

After years of studying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in men due to their higher incidence compared to women, attention is now being paid to female CVD and their pathophysiology. Even though premenopausal women have a lower incidence of CVD, this disparity progressively diminishes after menopause, highlighting the key role of sex hormones. Many preclinical and fundamental studies have demonstrated protective effects of estrogens on arterial endothelium, suggesting that hormone therapy could improve cardiovascular health in menopausal women.

Identification of an ionic mechanism for ERα-mediated rapid excitation in neurons.

The major female ovarian hormone, 17β-estradiol (E), can alter neuronal excitability within milliseconds to regulate a variety of physiological processes. Estrogen receptor-α (ERα), classically known as a nuclear receptor, exists as a membrane-bound receptor to mediate this rapid action of E, but the ionic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that a membrane channel protein, chloride intracellular channel protein-1 (Clic1), can physically interact with ERα with a preference to the membrane-bound ERα.

Assessment of real-time PCR test in oral fluid samples for screening the serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae circulating in swine herds.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, causing remarkable economic losses in the global swine industry. The diversity of A. pleuropneumoniae is generally determined through serotype identification, which is commonly employed for control strategies and surveillance.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Long-Term Outcomes for Extubation Failure in ICU in Patients With Obesity: A Retrospective Analysis of a Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

Background: To our knowledge, no large observational study has compared the incidence and risk factors for extubation failure within 48 h and during ICU stay in the same cohort of unselected critically ill patients with and without obesity.

Research Question: What are the incidence and risk factors of extubation failure in patients with and without obesity?

Study Design And Methods: In the prospective multicenter observational FREE-REA study in 26 ICUs, the primary objective was to compare the incidence of extubation failure within 48 h in patients with and without obesity. Secondary objectives were to describe and to identify the independent specific risk factors for extubation failure using first a logistic regression model and second a decision tree analysis.