How to Use Macrophages Against Cancer.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant influence of immune cells on cancer development and treatment. This study specifically examines tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), detailing their characteristics and roles in tumorigenesis and analyzing the impact of the ratio of TAM subtypes on patient survival and prognosis. It is established that TAMs interact with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, thereby influencing the efficacy of these treatments.

The Influence of Environmental Exposure to Xenoestrogens on the Risk of Cancer Development.

Xenoestrogens (XEs) are a group of exogenous substances that may interfere with the functioning of the endocrine system. They may mimic the function of estrogens, and their sources are plants, water or dust, plastic, chemical agents, and some drugs. Thus, people are highly exposed to their actions.

Loss of Stim2 in zebrafish induces glaucoma-like phenotype.

Calcium is involved in vision processes in the retina and implicated in various pathologies, including glaucoma. Rod cells rely on store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) to safeguard against the prolonged lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentrations. Zebrafish that lacked the endoplasmic reticulum Ca sensor Stim2 (stim2 knockout [KO]) exhibited impaired vision and lower light perception-related gene expression.

Factors Determining Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Progression.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which an epithelial cell undergoes multiple modifications, acquiring both morphological and functional characteristics of a mesenchymal cell. This dynamic process is initiated by various inducing signals that activate numerous signaling pathways, leading to the stimulation of transcription factors. EMT plays a significant role in cancer progression, such as metastasis and tumor heterogeneity, as well as in drug resistance.