Antisecretory Factor 16 (AF16): A Promising Avenue for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury-An In Vitro Model Approach.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an external mechanical force to the head, resulting in abnormal brain functioning and clinical manifestations. Antisecretory factor (AF16) is a potential therapeutic agent for TBI treatment due to its ability to inhibit fluid secretion and decrease inflammation, intracranial pressure, and interstitial fluid build-up, key hallmarks presented in TBI. Here, we investigated the effect of AF16 in an in vitro model of neuronal injury, as well as its impact on key components of the autophagy pathway and mitochondrial dynamics.

Autophagy-induced cell death by aqueous and polyphenol-enriched extracts of honeybush ( spp.) in liver and colon cancer cells.

The anti-cancer potential of species (honeybush) has been demonstrated in several models. The present study investigated the effects of aqueous and polyphenol-enriched (PE) extracts of and , as well as mangiferin and hesperidin, on different cell growth parameters in human liver (HepG2) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. Mangiferin and hesperidin were most abundant in and , respectively.

5-ALA localises to the autophagy compartment and increases its fluorescence upon autophagy enhancement through caloric restriction and spermidine treatment in human glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most invasive and prevalent Central Nervous System (CNS) malignancy. It is characterised by diffuse infiltrative growth and metabolic dysregulation that impairs the extent of surgical resection (EoR), contributing to its poor prognosis. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence-guided surgical resection (FGR) takes advantage of the preferential generation of 5-ALA-derived fluorescence signal in glioma cells, thereby improving visualisation and enhancing the EoR.

Spatial architecture of high-grade glioma reveals tumor heterogeneity within distinct domains.

Background: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive primary brain cancers with poor response to standard regimens, driven by immense heterogeneity. In isocitrate dehydrogenase () wild-type HGG (glioblastoma, GBM), increased intratumoral heterogeneity is associated with more aggressive disease.

Methods: Spatial technologies can dissect complex heterogeneity within the tumor ecosystem by preserving cellular organization .

Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and gene programs distinguish TST/IGRA sensitization outcomes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed persons living with HIV.

Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). After prolonged and repeated exposure, some PLWH never develop TB and show no evidence of immune sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as defined by persistently negative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA). This group has been identified and defined as HIV+ persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRA negative (HITTIN).