When Cortical Bone Matrix Properties Are Indiscernible between Elderly Men with and without Type 2 Diabetes, Fracture Resistance Follows Suit.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease affecting bone tissue and leading to increased fracture risk in men and women, independent of bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, bone material quality (i.e.

Influence of water and protein content on the creep behavior in dental enamel.

The creep behavior of untreated and deproteinized dental enamel in dry and wet state was analyzed by nanoindentation with a spherical tip. Additionally, the influence of the loading rate was investigated. Dry untreated and deproteinized dental enamel only showed minor creep over 100 s and deproteinization did not affect the dry enamel's behavior significantly.

The geometrical structure of interfaces in dental enamel: A FIB-STEM investigation.

In this study a high resolution structural analysis revealed that enamel prisms are surrounded by an interface that is discontinuous with frequent mineral to mineral contact separated by gaps. This contact manifests either by crystallites bridging the boundary between prismatic and interprismatic enamel or continuous crystallites curving and bridging the interprismatic enamel to the prisms. The geometrical resolution of this TEM investigation of the interfaces is ≤2 nm as a basis for micromechanical models.

On the systematic documentation of the structural characteristics of bovine enamel: A critic to the protein sheath concept.

The common structural description of bovine enamel used in materials science studies - nano-sized hydroxyapatite crystallites form micron-sized prisms surrounded by protein sheaths, which in turn build a complex decussation pattern - overlook many important morphological information. This hampers the correct interpretation of the data determined by mechanical analysis. For a profound structural description of enamel morphology, the visualization of its building blocks by high-resolution electron microscopy and focused-ion beam tomography technique, which reveals their form, orientation and configuration at different regions of a tooth (cut in different directions), is undertaken in this work.

[Pharmacologically active polymers. 9th communication: retard forms of morphine antagonists (author's transl)].

Acryloyl, methacryloyl, N-vinylcarbamoyl, and methacryloyl-glycyl derivatives of the morphine antagonist (--)-alpha-5,9-dimethyl-2-(3-furylmethyl)-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphane have been synthesized. The different unsaturated derivatives were copolymerized with appropriate comonomers to yield water-soluble polymers. Pharmacological tests in mice showed a 2--30 fold increase in duration of action in comparison to the free antagonist.