The future of feedback: Motivating performance improvement through future-focused feedback.

Managerial feedback discussions often fail to produce the desired performance improvements. Three studies shed light on why performance feedback fails and how it can be made more effective. In Study 1, managers described recent performance feedback experiences in their work settings.

Skilled or unskilled, but still unaware of it: how perceptions of difficulty drive miscalibration in relative comparisons.

People are inaccurate judges of how their abilities compare to others'. J. Kruger and D.

Use and effectiveness of tobacco telephone counseling and nicotine therapy in Maine.

Background: Since 2001, the Maine Bureau of Health has offered free evidence-based treatment for tobacco dependence, including telephonic counseling and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This study examined the utilization of treatment services, evaluated quit outcomes, and estimated the population impact of treatment.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of tobacco users receiving treatment services from the Maine Tobacco HelpLine from January 2003 to December 2004.

Overconfidence in interval estimates.

Judges were asked to make numerical estimates (e.g., "In what year was the first flight of a hot air balloon?").

Relationship between relaxation by guided imagery and performance of working memory.

This study tested the hypothesis that relaxation by guided imagery improves working-memory performance of healthy participants. 30 volunteers (both sexes, ages 17-56 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the WAIS-III Letter-Number Sequencing Test before and after 10-min. treatment with guided imagery or popular music.