The post-conflict expansion of coca farming and illicit cattle ranching in Colombia.

Illicit cattle ranching and coca farming have serious negative consequences on the Colombian Amazon's land systems. The underlying causes of these land activities include historical processes of colonization, armed conflict, and narco-trafficking. We aim to examine how illicit cattle ranching and coca farming are driving forest cover change over the last 34 years (1985-2019).

Iron status, serum folate and B(12) values in pregnancy and postpartum: report from a study in Jordan.

Background: A high prevalence of anemia has been reported in Jordan affecting women of childbearing age and infants/preschool children. This paper considers maternal iron, folate and B(12) status, with possible implications for both maternal and infant health.

Patients And Methods: A case-control study of infants born to anemic (Hb <11 g/dL) (n=107) and non-anemic mothers (n=125) from birth to one year, was conducted in a lower middle-class urban setting in Amman, Jordan.

Presynaptic group III mGluR modulation of short-term plasticity in the lateral perforant path of the dentate gyrus in vitro.

Modulation of short-term plasticity by activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) was investigated in the lateral perforant path of the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus in vitro. Brief trains of stimulation (10 stimuli at 1-100 Hz) evoked short-term depression of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), with a steady-state level of short-term depression being attained after approximately 5 stimuli. The steady-state level of depression was frequency-dependent, increasing linearly between 1 and 200 Hz.

Presynaptic group II mGluR inhibition of short-term depression in the medial perforant path of the dentate gyrus in vitro.

Inhibition of short-term plasticity by activation of presynaptic group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (group II mGluR) was investigated in the medial perforant path of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus in vitro. Brief trains of stimulation (10 stimuli at 1--200 Hz) evoked short-term depression of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). The steady-state level of depression, measured after 10 stimuli, was frequency dependent, increasing between 1 and 200 Hz.

Incidence of iron-deficiency anaemia in infants in a prospective study in Jordan.

A high prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia has been reported in Jordanian infants. A prospective study of infants in downtown Amman examined the relationship between anaemia in pregnancy and iron deficiency in infancy. The iron status of infants born to 107 anaemic (Hb < 11 g/dl) and 125 non-anaemic mothers was reviewed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.