Inheritance and Resistance Mechanisms of Field-Evolved Resistance to Pyrethroids in a Fall Armyworm ( J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain from Puerto Rico.

This study examines resistance inheritance to the pyrethroid insecticides esfenvalerate and deltamethrin in a Puerto Rican strain of fall armyworm (FAW), , a major global pest of corn. The resistant strain (PPR) showed significantly higher resistance compared to a susceptible strain (SUS), with a 62-fold X-linked and 15-fold autosomal-linked resistance ratio (RR) for esfenvalerate and deltamethrin, respectively. Resistance was incompletely dominant for both insecticides.