A Novel Potent and Selective Histamine H Receptor Antagonist Enerisant: In Vitro Profiles, In Vivo Receptor Occupancy, and Wake-Promoting and Procognitive Effects in Rodents.

Histamine H receptor antagonists/inverse agonists are known to enhance the activity of histaminergic neurons in the brain, thereby promoting arousal and cognition. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profiles for a newly synthesized histamine H receptor antagonist/inverse agonist: [1-(4-{3-[(2)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl]propoxy}phenyl)-1-pyrazol-4-yl](morpholin-4-yl)methanone monohydrochloride (enerisant hydrochloride). In vitro assays showed that enerisant was a competitive antagonist/inverse agonist with a high affinity and selectivity for human and rat histamine H receptors.

[Construction of a Home-Visiting System as a Family Pharmacy].

"The Vision for Patient-centered Pharmacies," published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare(MHLW)in October 2015 specifies three functions of family pharmacies, including home medical care. In 1994, home-visits by pharmacists officially began; however, before then, we had already visited patients whose medications and life situations were of concern, at their homes. Based on that experience, as we were planning to undertake home-visits after their institutionalization, we conducted a study of a system that would promote home care using pharmacists handling various duties, including prescriptions and health consulting.

[Significance of Allowing Pharmacy Students to Attend Visits to Home Care Patients].

In 2006, with the admission of a new batch of students, pharmaceutical education became a 6-year course. This was a result of the urgent need to train a new generation of pharmacists to respond to increasingly advanced and intricate medical care as well as the specific need to coordinate with multiple occupational categories. Meanwhile, with Japan becoming an aged society, medical care has undergone functional differentiation, and home care is now being promoted.

[Empathy to be Shown by Pharmacists toward Home Patients - Initiatives Undertaken by Pharmacists to Promote the Proper Use of Pharmaceutical Products].

Separation of medical and dispensary services has taken root in Japan as a healthcare system;8 00 million prescriptions have been issued, and 70% of medical institutions now participate in this practice. Additionally, discussions are ongoing regarding patient-oriented family pharmacies from a"back-to-basics"perspective of the separation drug dispensing from medical practice. Through a series of such discussions, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare published a paper entitled"Vision for Pharmacies Working for Patients"with a focus on 3 functions to be implemented by family pharmacists and pharmacies.

Stimulation of the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2 receptor attenuates the MK-801-induced increase in the immobility time in the forced swimming test in rats.

Background: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are poorly managed using the currently available antipsychotics. Previous studies indicate that agonists of the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptors may provide a novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, the effects of mGlu2/3 receptor agonists or mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulators have not yet been clearly elucidated in animal models of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.