Atomic-Scale Imaging of Polymers and Precision Molecular Weight Analysis.

Polymer design requires fine control over syntheses and a thorough understanding of their macromolecular structure. Herein, near-atomic level imaging of polymers is achieved, enabling the precise determination of one of the most important macromolecular characteristics: molecular weight. By judiciously designing and synthesizing different linear metal(loid)-rich homopolymers, subnanoscale polymer imaging is achieved through annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM), owing to the incorporation of high atoms in the side chain of the monomeric units.

The Association of Heart Failure and Edema Events between Patients Initiating Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate or Patiromer.

Key Points: One previous study using claims data reported signals for higher hospitalizations for heart failures and severe edema in patients prescribed a potassium binder using sodium exchange. In this study, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate use was associated with increased risk of prespecified encounters of hospitalizations for heart failure and major edema encounters. Our findings highlight the need to weigh the benefits and risks of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and patiromer in routine clinical practice.

Visible light photoflow synthesis of a Cu(ii) single-chain polymer nanoparticle catalyst.

We herein pioneer the visible light ( = 410 nm) mediated flow synthesis of catalytically active single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). Our design approach is based on a copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and a photocleavable 2-((((2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl methacrylate monomer which can liberate amine groups upon visible light irradiation, allowing for single-chain collapse the complexation of Cu(ii) ions. We initially demonstrate the successful applicability of our design approach for the batch photochemical synthesis of Cu(ii) SCNPs and transfer the concept to photoflow conditions, enabling, for the first time, the continuous production of functional SCNPs.

Heart Failure and Edema Costs in Patiromer and Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Users.

Key Points: Prior research suggests differences in rates of heart failure hospitalization or serious emergency department visits between patients on patiromer versus sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. Total costs of heart failure–related hospitalizations and emergency department visits may be lower in patients on patiromer compared with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate.

Background: Previous work suggested differences between patients taking patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) in real-world risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and edema hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits (edema events).