High incidence of radiation-induced brain necrosis in the periventricular deep white matter: stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases using volumetric modulated arc therapy.

Purpose: In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and incidence of radiation-induced brain necrosis (RBN) after volumetric modulated arc therapy-based stereotactic irradiation (VMAT-STI) for brain metastases.

Methods: In the 220 brain metastatic lesions included between January 2020 and June 2022, there were 1-9 concurrently treated lesions (median 1). A biologically effective dose (BED)10 of 80 Gy and a reduced BED10 of 50 Gy were prescribed to the gross tumor volume (GTV) and planning target volume (PTV) (PTV = GTV + 3 mm) margins, respectively.

Additive effect of mixtures of multiple strains combining the effects of single strains on human gut microbiota .

Probiotics exert their beneficial effects by improving the intestinal environment. Heat-inactivated probiotics may show similar effects. However, whether multi-strain mixtures (MSM) are better than single strains, irrespective of whether the bacteria are alive or dead, is unknown.

Histological Features of Delayed Foreign Body Granuloma With Epithelioid Histiocyte Aggregation and Eosinophilic Reaction due to Hyaluronic Acid Injection.

Dermal fillers such as hyaluronic acid (HA) have been widely used in recent years as a less surgically invasive cosmetic treatment. Although delayed foreign body granuloma may occur as a rare adverse reaction after the procedure, detailed histological reports are still limited. When occurring on the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity, the histopathology may resemble some lesions of minor salivary gland origin due to the material properties of HA.

[The Result of Aortic Valve Plasty with Autologous Pericardium Using Sawazaki's Template].

The autologous pericardial aortic valve repair technique developed by Ozaki et al., using glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium, has demonstrated superior durability to bioprosthetic valves. However, this technique has certain limitations, including excessive cusp height and cusp fluttering due to leaflet redunduncy.