A case report of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine-associated encephalitis.

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 continues apace, but side-effects, both common and severe, continue to be reported. We report here the first published case of COVID-19 vaccine-related encephalitis.

Case Presentation: A young woman presented with acute neuropsychiatric symptoms following recent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.

Association of asymptomatic spinal cord lesions and atrophy with disability 5 years after a clinically isolated syndrome.

Background: Spinal cord pathology is an important substrate for long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: To investigate longitudinal changes in spinal cord lesions and atrophy in patients with a non-spinal clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and how they relate to the development of disability.

Methods: In all, 131 patients with a non-spinal CIS had brain and spinal cord imaging at the time of CIS and approximately 5 years later (median: 5.

Should the symptomatic region be included in dissemination in space in MRI criteria for MS?

Objectives: To investigate whether inclusion of lesions in the symptomatic region influences the performance of dissemination in space (DIS) criteria for a diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

Methods: We studied 30 patients with CIS with brainstem/cerebellar and spinal cord syndromes who had MRI scans at the time of CIS and were followed up for the development of CDMS. We retrospectively applied the McDonald 2010 DIS criteria (excluding all lesions in the symptomatic region) to baseline MRI scans and 2 modified DIS criteria: (1) the inclusion of asymptomatic lesions in the symptomatic region in DIS, and (2) the inclusion of any lesion in the symptomatic region in DIS.

Early prognosis of multiple sclerosis.

Establishing the prognosis for multiple sclerosis (MS) early in the disease course is critically important for patients who develop this disease. Potentially, this information could be used to guide the selection of which disease modifying therapy (if any) should be started in which individual and to determine, over course of the illness, when the therapeutic approach needs to be modified. Regardless, of its importance, however, we only have a limited ability to predict how an individual's illness will evolve.