Detection of isoform-specific fibroblast growth factor receptors by whole-mount in situ hybridization in early chick embryos.

We have developed "b" and "c" isoform-specific chicken fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1-3 probes for in situ hybridization. We rigorously demonstrate the specificity of these probes by using both dot blot hybridization and whole-mount in situ hybridization during neurulation and early postneurulation stages, and we compare expression patterns of each of the three isoform-specific probes to one another and to generic probes to each of the three (non-isoform-specific) FGF receptors. We show that the expression pattern of each receptor is represented by the collective expression of each of its two isoforms, with the expression of each FGF receptor being most similar to that of its "c" isoform at two of the three stages studied, and that tissue and stage differences exist in the patterns of expression of the six isoforms.

Comparison of central nervous system and peripheral pharmacodynamics to atropine pharmacokinetics.

Two experiments were designed to examine the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for the central nervous system and peripheral effects of atropine. According to a random Latin square design, healthy young male volunteers were given i.m.

Abnormalities in the response of plasma arginine vasopressin during hypertonic saline infusion in patients with eating disorders.

We examined the response of plasma arginine vasopressin (pAVP) to intravenous 5% hypertonic saline in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Patients did not differ from controls in their subjective response for the onset of thirst; however, only 5 patients (3 AN and 2 BN) showed pAVP levels that were within the normal range (0.5-11.