Insights on the microbiology of Ethiopian fermented milk products: A review.

Fermented milk products play a vital role in the diets of Ethiopians. They are produced from either spontaneous fermentation or back-slopping methods at the household level, in which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts predominate. As a result, the processing steps are not standardized and overall safety is still of public health relevance.

Low NO and variable CH fluxes from tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin.

Globally, tropical forests are assumed to be an important source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (NO) and sink for methane (CH). Yet, although the Congo Basin comprises the second largest tropical forest and is considered the most pristine large basin left on Earth, in situ NO and CH flux measurements are scarce. Here, we provide multi-year data derived from on-ground soil flux (n = 1558) and riverine dissolved gas concentration (n = 332) measurements spanning montane, swamp, and lowland forests.

In-depth analysis of NO fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis.

Primary tropical forests generally exhibit large gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, occurring as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NO) or elemental nitrogen (N). The release of NO is of particular concern due to its high global warming potential and destruction of stratospheric ozone. Tropical forest soils are predicted to be among the largest natural sources of NO; however, despite being the world's second-largest rainforest, measurements of gaseous N-losses from forest soils of the Congo Basin are scarce.

Aflatoxin levels in sunflower seeds and cakes collected from micro- and small-scale sunflower oil processors in Tanzania.

Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin found commonly in maize and peanuts worldwide, is associated with liver cancer, acute toxicosis, and growth impairment in humans and animals. In Tanzania, sunflower seeds are a source of snacks, cooking oil, and animal feed. These seeds are a potential source of aflatoxin contamination.

Identification and nutrient composition of indigenous vegetables of Tanzania.

Thirty types of indigenous vegetables commonly utilized in rural areas of Tanzania were collected, identified and their nutrient compositions analyzed. High values up to 249.6, 266 and 7.