Effects of 8 Weeks of Moderate- or High-Volume Strength Training on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Handling in Elite Female and Male Rowers.

While acute exercise affects sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, the impact of resistance training remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate SR Ca handling plasticity in response to moderate- and high-volume strength training in elite rowers. Twenty elite male (n = 12) and female (n = 8) rowers performed three weekly strength training sessions for 8 weeks and were randomly allocated to either perform 3 sets (3-SET) or progressive increase from 5 to 10 sets (10-SET) of 10 repetitions during the training period.

Detailed functional characterization of four nanobodies as positive allosteric modulators of the human calcium-sensing receptor.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a key role in calcium homeostasis, and small-molecule and peptide positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of CaSR, so-called calcimimetics, are used in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism and hypocalcemic disorders. In this study, four monovalent nanobodies - representing four distinct nanobody families with CaSR PAM activity - were subjected to elaborate pharmacological profiling at the receptor. While Nb5 displayed negligible PAM activity at CaSR in all assays, Nb4, Nb10 and Nb45 all potently potentiated Ca-evoked signalling through a myc epitope-tagged CaSR expressed in HEK293 or HEK293T cells in Gα and Gα protein activation assays and in a Ca/Fluo-4 assay.

Heterogenous Origins of Calcium Homeostasis Disorders Arising from Five Heterozygous Calcium-Sensing Receptor Variants.

Context And Objectives: The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a key role in calcium homeostasis, and most identified CASR variants are associated with hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic disorders. Here we characterized the pharmacological implications of five heterozygous CASR variants from individuals with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1 [FHH1: Y63C, I81T, Q459R, W818stop] or autosomal dominant hypocalcemia 1 [ADH1: R955stop].

Methods: Total and cell surface expression levels of wild-type (WT) and variant CaSRs expressed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells were determined using ELISA, and the pharmacological properties of the receptors were delineated in two functional assays.

Insights into the nucleation and growth of BiOCl nanoparticles by X-ray pair distribution function analysis and liquid cell TEM.

The synthesis of bismuth oxyhalides as defined nanostructures is hindered by their fast nucleation and growth in aqueous solutions. Using our recently developed single-source precursor, the formation of bismuth oxychloride in such solutions can be slowed significantly. As reported herein, this advance enables BiOCl formation to be investigated by X-ray total scattering and liquid cell transmission electron microscopy.