Pharmacokinetics of Epinephrine During Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Study.

Aim Of The Study: Epinephrine has been recommended for several decades for the treatment of cardiac arrest. However, although this potent medicament has a documented impact on the return of spontaneous circulation, it does not improve long-term survival. Decreased cerebral blood flow, one of the side effects of epinephrine, indicates that the use of this drug is a two-edged sword.

Implementation of a low-titre whole blood transfusion program in a civilian helicopter emergency medical service.

Background: Early balanced transfusion is associated with improved outcome in haemorrhagic shock patients. This study describes the implementation and evaluates the safety of a whole blood transfusion program in a civilian helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS).

Methods: This prospective observational study was performed over a 5-year period at HEMS-Bergen, Norway.

Establishing quality indicators for pre-hospital advanced airway management: a modified nominal group technique consensus process.

Background: Pre-hospital advanced airway management is a complex intervention composed of numerous steps, interactions, and variables that can be delivered to a high standard in the pre-hospital setting. Standard research methods have struggled to evaluate this complex intervention because of considerable heterogeneity in patients, providers, and techniques. In this study, we aimed to develop a set of quality indicators to evaluate pre-hospital advanced airway management.

General practitioners not available - out-of-hospital emergency patients handled by anaesthesiologist in a large Norwegian municipality.

Background: Until autumn 2018 the GPs in Bergen Municipality did not attend emergency patients outside the emergency primary care centre. The ambulance staff handled emergencies on their own or were assisted by an anaesthesiologist from the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS). The aim of this study was to investigate procedures performed by the HEMS anaesthesiologist and to assess the level of skills needed to perform these procedures.