Understanding Geographic Disparities in Mortality.

A rich literature shows that early-life conditions shape later-life outcomes, including health and migration events. However, analyses of geographic disparities in mortality outcomes focus almost exclusively on contemporaneously measured geographic place (e.g.

All-cause mortality and residential racial and ethnic segregation and composition as experienced differently by individual-level race, ethnicity, and gender: Mortality disparities in american communities data.

Purpose: Use a large nationally representative population to evaluate whether differences in mortality in relation to residential racial and ethnic segregation and diversity varied by gender, and race or Hispanic ethnicity in the United States.

Methods: The Mortality Disparities in American Communities (MDAC) was used to evaluate mortality risk in relation to segregation. MDAC is a nationally representative record linkage of the 2008 American Community Survey data with mortality outcomes derived from the National Death Index through 2015.

Can antipoverty programmes save lives? Quasi-experimental evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit in the USA.

Objective: To estimate the impact of state-level supplements of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on mortality in the USA. The EITC supplements the wages of lower-income workers by providing larger returns when taxes are filed.

Setting: Nationwide sample spanning 25 cohorts of people across every state in the USA.

Alcohol Craving and Psychiatric Disorders Among Current Drinkers.

Background And Objectives: Previous research has shown that alcohol craving is associated with psychiatric comorbidities. However, no population studies have examined the odds of psychiatric disorders in cravers and noncravers. The purpose of this study was to investigate current prevalence rates and odds ratios of psychiatric disorders among alcohol drinkers with and without alcohol craving in a population-based sample.

The influence of undertreated chronic pain in a national survey: Prescription medication misuse among American indians, Asian Pacific Islanders, Blacks, Hispanics and whites.

Objective: Disparities in the assessment and treatment of chronic pain among racial/ethnic may lead to self-treatment for undertreated pain. This study examines whether pain intensity among US racial/ethnic groups' influences rates of psychotherapeutic prescription drug misuse.

Methods: Data included civilian, non-institutionalized adults (age 18-99 years) residing in the United States (n = 34,653) from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions (NESARC; 2004-2005).