Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Traditional cognitive and daily functioning measures that utilize episodic assessment schedules are less sensitive to subtle within-person change in those at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to evaluate whether longitudinal trajectories of high frequency cognitive assessments (HFA) and passively assessed higher order instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) differ between those with intact cognition (CN, n = 59) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 45). An exploratory aim evaluated whether the use of person-specific distributions would detect differences in longitudinal trajectories not captured by traditional between-group analyses.

Not "a cute" complication: phenotypic analysis of acute kidney injury in S. aureus bacteraemia.

Objectives: In this large retrospective cohort analysis, we aimed to determine the incidence of KDIGO-defined acute kidney injury (AKI) within 14 days in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, and the association of AKI with 30-day mortality.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults with S. aureus bacteraemia between 1998 to 2023 admitted to a large regional Australian health service.

Randomized trial investigating the utility of a liver tissue transcriptional biomarker in identifying adult liver transplant recipients not requiring maintenance immunosuppression.

The maintenance of stable allograft status in the absence of immunosuppression, known as operational tolerance, can be achieved in a small proportion of liver transplant recipients, but we lack reliable tools to predict its spontaneous development. We conducted a prospective, multi-center, biomarker-strategy design, immunosuppression withdrawal clinical trial to determine the utility of a predictive biomarker of operational tolerance. The biomarker test, originally identified in a patient cohort with high operational tolerance prevalence, consisted of a 5-gene transcriptional signature measured in liver tissue collected before initiating immunosuppression weaning.

Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations.

Understanding how populations respond to increasingly variable conditions is a major objective for natural resource managers forecasting extinction risk. The lesson from current modelling is clear: increasing environmental variability increases population abundance variability. We show that this paradigm fails to describe a broad class of empirically observed dynamics, namely endogenously driven population cycles.

Open label vancomycin in primary sclerosing cholangitis-inflammatory bowel disease: improved colonic disease activity and associations with changes in host-microbiome-metabolomic signatures.

Background: We conducted a single-arm interventional study, to explore mucosal changes associated with clinical remission under oral vancomycin (OV) treatment, in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD); NCT05376228.

Method: Fifteen patients with PSC and active colitis (median faecal calprotectin 459µg/g; median total Mayo score 5) were treated with OV (125mg QID) for 4 weeks and followed-up for a further 4 weeks of treatment withdrawal (8 weeks, end-of-study). Colonic biopsies were obtained at baseline and week 4.