Concomitant Mitral Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently seen in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS). When the severity of MR is moderate or less, the decision to undertake simultaneous mitral valve intervention can be challenging.

Methods: A systematic search of Medline, PubMed (NCBI), Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted to qualitatively assess the current evidence for concomitant mitral valve intervention for MR in patients with AS undergoing AVR.

Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis: The Importance of Vegetation Size.

Background: Right-sided infective endocarditis (IE) carries favourable prognosis compared to left-sided IE. However, the prognostic significance of vegetation size in right-sided IE is less well defined. This study reports the clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic findings associated with right-sided IE and examines the predictors of adverse outcomes.

Minimally invasive posterior percutaneous transarticular C1-C2 screws: how I do it.

Background: Transarticular C1-C2 screw fixation, first described by Magerl, is a widely accepted used technique for C1-C2 instability with a good biomechanical stability and fusion rate.

Method: We present a 69-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with a C2 Odontoid fracture type III and primarily treated with conservative treatment and collar. During first 2 weeks of follow-up, the patient developed cervical pain associated with C1-C2 instability.