Positional obstructive sleep apnea in children prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing.

Positional obstructive sleep apnea, in which there is a ≥ 2:1 predominance of obstructive events in the supine position, is a sleep-disordered breathing phenotype with a targeted treatment in the form of positional device therapy. We sought to determine the prevalence of positional obstructive sleep apnea in a cohort of children prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy, ascertain risk factors for the condition, and determine the associated continuous positive airway pressure treatment adherence rate. A retrospective cohort study of all children > 2 years old from a single tertiary paediatric centre prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy over an 8-year period was conducted.

Genetic factors regulating Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis identified by phenotypic screens.

Successful transmission of Plasmodium falciparum from one person to another relies on the complete intraerythrocytic development of non-pathogenic sexual gametocytes infectious for anopheline mosquitoes. Understanding the genetic factors that regulate gametocyte development is vital for identifying transmission-blocking targets in the malaria parasite life cycle. Toward this end, we conducted a forward genetic study to characterize the development of gametocytes from sexual commitment to mature stage V.

Home mechanical ventilation in children: evolving indications in an era of new treatment options.

Worldwide, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of paediatric home mechanical ventilation (HMV). In this review, we examine this rapid evolution in clinical practice through the prism of two distinct groups of children: those with neurodisability/medical complexity and patients with neuromuscular disease. We illustrate the changes in service provision for these two groups that are driven by a recognition that early intervention with HMV can enhance quality of life for these children and may complement the beneficial effects of novel disease-modifying medications to improve survival.

Caregiver experiences of oral feeding in infants on long-term high flow nasal cannula support.

Purpose: Navigating the feeding journey of medically complex infants on long-term high flow nasal cannula support can be challenging for caregivers, especially given inconsistencies in clinical practice for oral feeding on high flow nasal cannula support. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of caregivers who have experienced this journey, to inform best practice care.

Method: This study used a generic qualitative inquiry approach.

Mirror-image tooth pain referred from superficial masseter muscle - a case report.

Toothaches are the main reason patients seek dental care, but not all pain in the orofacial region originates from the teeth. Some toothaches may stem from musculoskeletal, neuropathic, or neurovascular issues. Additionally, certain toothaches may not be tooth-related, but rather, referred from nearby orofacial structures, where the site and source of pain differ.