Synthesis of Mixed Phosphonate Esters and Amino Acid-Based Phosphonamidates, and Their Screening as Herbicides.

While organophosphorus chemistry is gaining attention in a variety of fields, the synthesis of the phosphorus derivatives of amino acids remains a challenging task. Previously reported methods require the deprotonation of the nucleophile, complex reagents or hydrolysis of the phosphonate ester. In this paper, we demonstrate how to avoid these issues by employing phosphonylaminium salts for the synthesis of novel mixed -alkylphosphonate diesters or amino acid-derived -alkylphosphonamidates.

Divergent selection for natural antibodies in poultry in the presence of a major gene.

Background: Natural antibodies (NAb) are antibodies that are present in a healthy individual without requiring previous exposure to an exogenous antigen. Selection for high NAb levels might contribute to improved general disease resistance. Our aim was to analyse the genetic background of NAb based on a divergent selection experiment in poultry, and in particular the effect of a polymorphism in the TLR1A gene.

Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Restores Solvent Tolerance in Plasmid-Cured Pseudomonas putida S12: a Molecular Analysis.

S12 is inherently solvent tolerant and constitutes a promising platform for biobased production of aromatic compounds and biopolymers. The megaplasmid pTTS12 of S12 carries several gene clusters involved in solvent tolerance, and the removal of this megaplasmid caused a significant reduction in solvent tolerance. In this study, we succeeded in restoring solvent tolerance in plasmid-cured S12 using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), underscoring the innate solvent tolerance of this strain.

Growth differentiation factor 15 in adverse cardiac remodelling: from biomarker to causal player.

Heart failure is a growing health issue as a negative consequence of improved survival upon myocardial infarction, unhealthy lifestyle, and the ageing of our population. The large and complex pathology underlying heart failure makes diagnosis and especially treatment very difficult. There is an urgent demand for discriminative biomarkers to aid disease management of heart failure.