Chemometric-based analysis and bioassay guided identification of potent compounds with intestinal motility promoting effects from Dalitong Granules.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dalitong Granules (DLT), a potent Traditional Chinese Medicine known for its ability to promote gastrointestinal motility, is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of Functional Dyspepsia (FD). Despite the remarkable clinical efficacy of DLT, the specific components responsible for its effectiveness remains unclear.

Aim Of The Study: The study aimed to identify potential active ingredients of DLT for treating FD through spectrum-effect relationship analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and network pharmacology analysis.

Intestinal Metabolism of Crocin and a Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study in the Chronic Social Defeat Stress Mouse Model.

Orally administered crocin rapidly and efficiently rescues depressive-like behaviors in depression models; however, crocin levels in the circulatory and central nervous systems are rather low. The underlying mechanism responsible for the inconsistency between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is unknown. To identify the active metabolites and clarify the underlying mechanisms, the pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of the gut flora and hepatic and intestinal microsomes on crocin were examined, and the pharmacodynamics of crocin and its major metabolite, crocetin, were also evaluated in both normal and pseudo germ-free mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress.

Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Techniques Depict a Reprogramming of Energy and Purine Metabolism in the Core Brain Regions of Chronic Social Defeat Stress Mice.

Depression is associated with pathological changes and metabolic abnormalities in multiple brain regions. The simultaneous comprehensive and in situ detection of endogenous molecules in all brain regions is essential for a comprehensive understanding of depression pathology, which is described in this paper. A method based on desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) technology was developed to classify mouse brain regions using characteristic lipid molecules and to detect the metabolites in mouse brain tissue samples simultaneously.

Plasma metabolomics reveals risk factors for lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Metabolic reprogramming plays a significant role in the advancement of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), yet the precise metabolic changes remain incompletely understood. This study aims to uncover metabolic indicators associated with the progression of LUAD.

Methods: A total of 1083 subjects were recruited, including 670 LUAD, 135 benign lung nodules (BLN) and 278 healthy controls (HC).

Targeting cAMP in D1-MSNs in the nucleus accumbens, a new rapid antidepressant strategy.

Studies have suggested that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression; however, the regulatory strategy that targets the NAc to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit has not been elucidated. Here, we identified a specific reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the subset of dopamine D1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the NAc that promoted stress susceptibility, while the stimulation of cAMP production in NAc D1-MSNs efficiently rescued depression-like behaviors. Ketamine treatment enhanced cAMP both in D1-MSNs and dopamine D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) of depressed mice, however, the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine solely depended on elevating cAMP in NAc D1-MSNs.