Orbital Apex Venous Malformation: Case Report on an Unusual Clinical and Radiological Presentation.

The authors present a case of an orbital apex venous malformation that presented with an intermittent oculomotor nerve palsy over a 15-year period. Radiologically, the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed orbital mass with T2 hyperintensity and enhancement that could only be demonstrated on 2-hour delayed phase imaging. The venous malformation was initially steroid-responsive but eventually became refractory to medical treatment alone.

Favorable long-term outcomes of autoimmune nodopathy with mycophenolate mofetil.

Autoimmune nodopathy (AN) is a rare immune-mediated neuropathy characterized by autoantibodies against nodal or paranodal proteins. Patients with AN generally respond poorly to immunoglobulin therapy, and as a newly defined condition, there are currently no established treatment guidelines. Although rituximab shows potential as a therapeutic option, its high cost, limited availability, and the need for infusion monitoring hinder its use as a first-line treatment in many countries.

Flavonoid Derivatives Isolated from Ameliorate Insulin Resistance via Modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 Pathway in HepG2 Cells.

In this study, two high-content flavonoid derivatives [3-8 biapigenin (HM 104) and quercetin-3--β--galactopyranoside (HM 111)] were obtained through the bioactivity-guided isolation of antidiabetic compounds from flowers. HM 104 and HM 111 exhibited good glucose consumption in fatty acid-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Moreover, both active compounds enhanced glucose uptake by restoring the expression of key regulators of glucose metabolism, including insulin receptor substrate 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and glucose transporter type 4, and by mitigating the expression of forkhead box O1 and the factors involved in gluconeogenesis.

Prevalence of prediabetes according to sleep apnea status.

Aim: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and prediabetes using the STOP-Bang questionnaire remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes among people based on their sleep apnea status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10131 Korean adults without diabetes with information of STOP-Bang scores, drawn from the dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021.