Activin A activation of Smad3 mitigates innate inflammation in mouse models of psoriasis and sepsis.

Phosphorylation of Smad3 is a critical mediator of TGF-β signaling, which plays an important role in regulating innate immune responses. However, whether Smad3 activation can be regulated in innate immune cells in TGF-β-independent contexts remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Smad3 is activated through the phosphorylation of its C-terminal residues (pSmad3C) in murine and human macrophages in response to bacterial and viral ligands, which is mediated by Activin A in a TGF-β independent manner.

Constructing future behavior in the hippocampal formation through composition and replay.

The hippocampus is critical for memory, imagination and constructive reasoning. Recent models have suggested that its neuronal responses can be well explained by state spaces that model the transitions between experiences. Here we use simulations and hippocampal recordings to reconcile these views.

Estimated Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Importance: Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in clinical trials. Postlicensure monitoring is essential to confirm these benefits in clinical settings.

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of nirsevimab against medically attended RSV infections in infants and to assess how effectiveness varies by disease severity, dosage, and time since immunization.

Trend and Provider- and Organizational-Level Factors Associated With Early Palliative Care Billing Among Patients Diagnosed With Distant-Stage Cancers in 2010-2019 in the United States.

Purpose: Early integration of specialized palliative care (PC) is recommended by clinical guidelines for advanced-stage cancers, but real-world evidence of its use is limited. We examined the recent trend of early PC billing among Medicare beneficiaries with distant-stage cancers and associated provider- and organization-level factors.

Methods: Using SEER-Medicare data, we identified Medicare Fee-For-Service beneficiaries 65.

Demographics and Trends in Outpatient Surgery for Laryngeal Cancer: 2016-2021.

Objective: To analyze the utilization patterns of outpatient laryngoscopic excision procedures for laryngeal cancer in the United States, examining procedural costs and patient demographics to identify disparities in healthcare access.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: National Ambulatory Surgery Sample database of major ambulatory surgeries in the United States, 2016-2021.