Neurocognitive phenotypes among adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A latent profile analysis.

Objective: Neurocognitive performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is heterogeneous; some individuals with ADHD demonstrate neurocognitive deficits while others display none. Attempts to establish a singular neurocognitive profile of ADHD have been unsuccessful. Latent class clustering techniques offer a more granular method of examining interindividual and intraindividual heterogeneity in ADHD.

Trail making test - part B discontinuation is associated with worse performance across multiple cognitive domains, but not with psychological distress.

Objective: Individuals unable to complete neuropsychological tests within designated time limits (i.e. discontinue) are often excluded from statistical analysis.

Detecting noncredible symptomology in ADHD evaluations using machine learning.

Introduction: Diagnostic evaluations for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are becoming increasingly complicated by the number of adults who fabricate or exaggerate symptoms. Novel methods are needed to improve the assessment process required to detect these noncredible symptoms. The present study investigated whether unsupervised machine learning (ML) could serve as one such method, and detect noncredible symptom reporting in adults undergoing ADHD evaluations.

The Relationship Between Subjective Cognitive Complaints, Invalid Symptom Reporting, and Neurocognitive Test Performance Validity Among Adults Being Evaluated for ADHD.

Objective: Subjective cognitive complaints are common among patients presenting for evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite these complaints, research overwhelmingly suggests that reported cognitive deficits do not align with objective neurocognitive performance. This study explored the relationship between subjective cognitive complaints, objective neuropsychological functioning, and performance and symptom validity testing in adult patients referred for evaluation due to concern about ADHD.

Analysis of skew, examination of intercorrelations, and determining the optimal threshold for performance invalidity when 10 performance validity tests are administered during a neuropsychological evaluation.

Introduction: This study cross-validates and expands upon previous research by examining the optimal number of PVT failures necessary to determine invalid performance when 10 PVTs are administered during a neuropsychological evaluation. Additionally, the study assessed the degree of skewness of individual PVTs and PVT intercorrelations for the overall sample and by validity group.

Method: Participants were 283 adult neuropsychology outpatients evaluated at an academic medical center.